10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)


☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024


☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ____________ to ____________

Commission File Number: 001-35331

Acadia Healthcare Company, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)



Delaware		45-2492228
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

6100 Tower Circle, Suite 1000

Franklin, Tennessee 37067

(Address, including zip code, of principal executive offices)

(615) 861-6000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $.01 par value	ACHC	NASDAQ Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐ Non-accelerated filer	☐
Smaller reporting company	☐	Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

At May 2, 2024, there were 92,774,604 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

ACADIA HEALTHCARE COMPANY, INC.

QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS


PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Financial Statements	1

	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)	1

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited)	2

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity (Unaudited)	3

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)	4

	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	5

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	18

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	26

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	26

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	27

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	27

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	27

Item 5	Other Information	27

Item 6.	Exhibits	28

SIGNATURES		29

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

Acadia Healthcare Company, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Unaudited)


	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	77,303	$	100,073
Accounts receivable, net		386,191		361,451
Other current assets		147,312		134,476
Total current assets		610,806		596,000
Property and equipment, net		2,376,059		2,266,610
Goodwill		2,261,026		2,225,962
Intangible assets, net		73,352		73,278
Deferred tax assets		2,777		6,658
Operating lease right-of-use assets		121,346		117,780
Other assets		71,881		72,553
Total assets	$	5,517,247	$	5,358,841

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Current portion of long-term debt	$	61,452	$	29,219
Accounts payable		156,130		156,132
Accrued salaries and benefits		118,005		141,901
Current portion of operating lease liabilities		26,815		26,268
Other accrued liabilities		119,911		532,261
Total current liabilities		482,313		885,781
Long-term debt		1,794,296		1,342,548
Deferred tax liabilities		15,527		1,931
Operating lease liabilities		103,352		100,808
Other liabilities		146,404		140,113
Total liabilities		2,541,892		2,471,181
Redeemable noncontrolling interests		109,333		105,686
Equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued		—		—
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 180,000,000 shares authorized; 91,573,596 and 91,263,989 issued and outstanding at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively		916		913
Additional paid-in capital		2,657,002		2,649,340
Retained earnings		208,104		131,721
Total equity		2,866,022		2,781,974
Total liabilities and equity	$	5,517,247	$	5,358,841

See accompanying notes.

Acadia Healthcare Company, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024			2023
	(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Revenue	$	768,051		$	704,267
Salaries, wages and benefits (including equity-based compensation expense of $8,678 and $7,629, respectively)		417,523			391,177
Professional fees		45,688			41,125
Supplies		26,652			26,021
Rents and leases		11,863			11,424
Other operating expenses		101,073			90,838
Depreciation and amortization		36,347			31,569
Interest expense, net		27,214			19,999
Transaction, legal and other costs		2,847			6,471
Total expenses		669,207			618,624
Income before income taxes		98,844			85,643
Provision for income taxes		20,074			19,085
Net income		78,770			66,558
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests		(2,387	)		(543	)
Net income attributable to Acadia Healthcare Company, Inc.	$	76,383		$	66,015
Earnings per share attributable to Acadia Healthcare Company, Inc. stockholders:
Basic	$	0.84		$	0.73
Diluted	$	0.83		$	0.72
Weighted-average shares outstanding:
Basic		91,363			90,101
Diluted		92,010			91,391

See accompanying notes.

Acadia Healthcare Company, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)


	Common Stock				Additional Paid-in			Retained
	Shares		Amount		Capital			Earnings			Total
Balance at December 31, 2022		89,914	$	899	$	2,658,440		$	153,388		$	2,812,727
Common stock issued under stock incentive plans		1,039		11		1,192			—			1,203
Repurchase of shares for payroll tax withholding, net of proceeds from stock option exercises		—		—		(48,874	)		—			(48,874	)
Equity-based compensation expense		—		—		7,629			—			7,629
Other		—		—		902			—			902
Net income attributable to Acadia Healthcare Company, Inc.		—		—		—			66,015			66,015
Balance at March 31, 2023		90,953		910		2,619,289			219,403			2,839,602
Common stock issued under stock incentive plans		176		1		3,783			—			3,784
Repurchase of shares for payroll tax withholding, net of proceeds from stock option exercises		—		—		(2,017	)		—			(2,017	)
Equity-based compensation expense		—		—		7,348			—			7,348
Net income attributable to Acadia Healthcare Company, Inc.		—		—		—			72,299			72,299
Balance at June 30, 2023		91,129		911		2,628,403			291,702			2,921,016
Common stock issued under stock incentive plans		76		1		1,553			—			1,554
Repurchase of shares for payroll tax withholding, net of proceeds from stock option exercises		—		—		(843	)		—			(843	)
Equity-based compensation expense		—		—		8,163			—			8,163
Other		—		—		382			—			382
Net loss attributable to Acadia Healthcare Company, Inc.		—		—		—			(217,710	)		(217,710	)
Balance at September 30, 2023		91,205		912		2,637,658			73,992			2,712,562
Common stock issued under stock incentive plans		59		1		1,655			—			1,656
Repurchase of shares for payroll tax withholding, net of proceeds from stock option exercises		—		—		(798	)		—			(798	)
Equity-based compensation expense		—		—		9,149			—			9,149
Other		—		—		1,676			—			1,676
Net income attributable to Acadia Healthcare Company, Inc.		—		—		—			57,729			57,729
Balance at December 31, 2023		91,264		913		2,649,340			131,721			2,781,974
Common stock issued under stock incentive plans		310		3		4,099			—			4,102
Repurchase of shares for payroll tax withholding, net of proceeds from stock option exercises		—		—		(5,115	)		—			(5,115	)
Equity-based compensation expense		—		—		8,678			—			8,678
Net income attributable to Acadia Healthcare Company, Inc.		—		—		—			76,383			76,383
Balance at March 31, 2024		91,574	$	916	$	2,657,002		$	208,104		$	2,866,022

See accompanying notes.

Acadia Healthcare Company, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024			2023
	(In thousands)
Operating activities:
Net income	$	78,770		$	66,558
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		36,347			31,569
Amortization of debt issuance costs		1,016			824
Equity-based compensation expense		8,678			7,629
Deferred income taxes		17,476			212
Other		(4,094	)		1,089
Change in operating assets and liabilities, net of effect of acquisitions:
Accounts receivable, net		(22,930	)		(23,968	)
Other current assets		(15,629	)		(23,430	)
Other assets		696			(1,436	)
Accounts payable and other accrued liabilities		(403,340	)		13,633
Accrued salaries and benefits		(25,024	)		(30,386	)
Other liabilities		6,749			2,114
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities		(321,285	)		44,408
Investing activities:
Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired		(50,353	)		—
Cash paid for capital expenditures		(142,410	)		(66,525	)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment		9,056			409
Other		(907	)		(794	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(184,614	)		(66,910	)
Financing activities:
Borrowings on long-term debt		350,000			—
Borrowings on revolving credit facility		160,000			40,000
Principal payments on revolving credit facility		(15,000	)		—
Principal payments on long-term debt		(10,242	)		(5,313	)
Payment of debt issuance costs		(1,518	)		—
Repurchase of shares for payroll tax withholding, net of proceeds from stock option exercises		(1,013	)		(47,671	)
Contributions from noncontrolling partners in joint ventures		2,280			1,655
Distributions to noncontrolling partners in joint ventures		(1,020	)		—
Other		(358	)		11
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		483,129			(11,318	)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents		(22,770	)		(33,820	)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period		100,073			97,649
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the period	$	77,303		$	63,829

Effect of acquisitions:
Assets acquired, excluding cash	$	55,309		$	—
Liabilities assumed		(3,456	)		—
Contingent consideration issued in connection with an acquisition		(1,500	)		—
Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired	$	50,353		$	—

See accompanying notes.

Acadia Healthcare Company, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

March 31, 2024

(Unaudited)

Description of Business and Basis of Presentation

Description of Business

Acadia Healthcare Company, Inc. (the “Company”) develops and operates acute inpatient psychiatric facilities, specialty treatment facilities, comprehensive treatment centers (“CTCs”), residential treatment centers and facilities providing outpatient behavioral healthcare services to serve the behavioral healthcare and recovery needs of communities throughout the United States (“U.S.”) and Puerto Rico. At March 31, 2024, the Company operated 258 behavioral healthcare facilities with approximately 11,300 beds in 38 states and Puerto Rico.

Basis of Presentation

The business of the Company is conducted through limited liability companies, partnerships and C-corporations. The Company’s consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and all subsidiaries controlled by the Company through its direct or indirect ownership of majority interests and exclusive rights granted to the Company as the controlling member of an entity. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for fair presentation of the Company’s financial position and results of operations have been included. The Company’s fiscal year ends on December 31 and interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year or any other interim period. The condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2023 has been derived from the audited financial statements as of that date. The information contained in these condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on February 28, 2024. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior year to conform to the current year presentation.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-09 Income Taxes (Topic 740) “Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures”. ASU 2023-09 is intended to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted, and may be applied either prospectively or retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2023-09 on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Revenue

Revenue is primarily derived from services rendered to patients for inpatient psychiatric and substance abuse care, outpatient psychiatric care and residential treatment. The services provided by the Company have no fixed duration and can be terminated by the patient or the facility at any time, and therefore, each treatment is its own stand-alone contract.

Services ordered by a healthcare provider in an episode of care are not separately identifiable and therefore have been combined into a single performance obligation for each contract. The Company recognizes revenue as its performance obligations are completed. The performance obligation is satisfied over time as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits of the healthcare services provided. For inpatient services, the Company recognizes revenue equally over the patient stay on a daily basis. For outpatient services, the Company recognizes revenue equally over the number of treatments provided in a single episode of care. Typically, patients and third-party payors are billed within several days of the service being performed or the patient being discharged, and payments are due based on contract terms.

As the Company’s performance obligations relate to contracts with a duration of one year or less, the Company elected the optional exemption in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606-10-50-14(a). Therefore, the Company is not required to disclose the transaction price for the remaining performance obligations at the end of the reporting period or when the Company

expects to recognize the revenue. The Company has minimal unsatisfied performance obligations at the end of the reporting period as its patients typically are under no obligation to remain admitted in the Company’s facilities.

The Company disaggregates revenue from contracts with customers by service type and by payor.

The Company’s facilities and services provided by the facilities can generally be classified into the following categories: acute inpatient psychiatric facilities; specialty treatment facilities; CTCs; and residential treatment centers.

Acute inpatient psychiatric facilities. Acute inpatient psychiatric facilities provide a high level of care in order to stabilize patients that are either a threat to themselves or to others. The acute setting provides 24-hour observation, daily intervention and monitoring by psychiatrists.

Specialty treatment facilities. Specialty treatment facilities include residential recovery facilities and eating disorder facilities. The Company provides a comprehensive continuum of care for adults with addictive disorders and co-occurring mental disorders. Inpatient, including detoxification and rehabilitation, partial hospitalization and outpatient treatment programs give patients access to the least restrictive level of care.

Comprehensive treatment centers. CTCs specialize in providing medication-assisted treatment in an outpatient setting to
individuals addicted to opioids such as opioid analgesics (prescription pain medications).

Residential treatment centers. Residential treatment centers treat patients with behavioral disorders in a non-hospital setting. The facilities balance therapy activities with social, academic and other activities.

The table below presents total revenue attributed to each category (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Acute inpatient psychiatric facilities	$	406,422	$	361,811
Specialty treatment facilities		143,832		147,303
Comprehensive treatment centers		132,167		115,501
Residential treatment centers		85,630		79,652
Revenue	$	768,051	$	704,267

The Company receives payments from the following sources for services rendered in its facilities: (i) state governments under their respective Medicaid and other programs; (ii) commercial insurers; (iii) the federal government under the Medicare program administered by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (“CMS”) and other programs; and (iv) individual patients and clients.

The Company determines the transaction price based on established billing rates reduced by contractual adjustments provided to third-party payors, discounts provided to uninsured patients and implicit price concessions. Contractual adjustments and discounts are based on contractual agreements, discount policies and historical experience. Implicit price concessions are based on historical collection experience. Most of the Company’s facilities have contracts containing variable consideration. However, it is unlikely a significant reversal of revenue will occur when the uncertainty is resolved, and therefore, the Company has included the variable consideration in the estimated transaction price. Subsequent changes resulting from a patient’s ability to pay are recorded as bad debt expense, which is included as a component of other operating expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Bad debt expense for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was not significant.

The following table presents the Company’s revenue by payor type and as a percentage of revenue (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024					2023
	Amount		%			Amount		%
Commercial	$	196,017		25.5	%	$	203,619		28.9	%
Medicare		109,388		14.2	%		108,640		15.4	%
Medicaid		436,422		56.9	%		364,306		51.8	%
Self-Pay		16,427		2.1	%		20,698		2.9	%
Other		9,797		1.3	%		7,004		1.0	%
Revenue	$	768,051		100.0	%	$	704,267		100.0	%

4. Earnings Per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands, except per share amounts):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Numerator:
Net income attributable to Acadia Healthcare Company, Inc.	$	76,383	$	66,015
Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding for basic earnings per share		91,363		90,101
Effects of dilutive instruments		647		1,290
Shares used in computing diluted earnings per common share		92,010		91,391

Earnings per share attributable to Acadia Healthcare Company, Inc. stockholders:
Basic	$	0.84	$	0.73
Diluted	$	0.83	$	0.72

Approximately 0.3 million and 0.5 million shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding stock option awards were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, because their effect would have been anti-dilutive.

Acquisitions

The Company’s acquisition strategy is to acquire and develop behavioral healthcare facilities and improve operating results within its facilities and its other behavioral healthcare operations.

On February 22, 2024, the Company acquired substantially all of the assets of Turning Point Centers (“Turning Point”), a 76-bed specialty provider of substance use disorder and primary mental health treatment services that supports the Salt Lake City, Utah, metropolitan market. Turning Point provides a full continuum of treatment services, including residential, partial hospitalization and intensive outpatient services.

Goodwill

The changes in goodwill are as follows (in thousands):


Balance at January 1, 2023	$	2,222,805
Increase from acquisitions		337
Increase from contributions of redeemable noncontrolling interests		2,820
Balance at December 31, 2023		2,225,962
Increase from acquisitions		35,064
Balance at March 31, 2024	$	2,261,026

Other Current Assets

Other current assets consisted of the following (in thousands):


	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Income taxes receivable	$	38,427	$	12,416
Prepaid expenses		30,190		36,085
Insurance receivable – current portion		23,586		33,579
Other receivables		22,867		22,084
Assets held for sale		12,865		11,496
Workers’ compensation deposits – current portion		12,000		12,000
Inventory		5,745		5,300
Other		1,632		1,516
Other current assets	$	147,312	$	134,476

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consisted of the following (in thousands):


	March 31, 2024			December 31, 2023
Land	$	195,216		$	183,347
Building and improvements		2,088,489			2,064,353
Equipment		383,053			365,826
Construction in progress		506,010			420,430
		3,172,768			3,033,956
Less: accumulated depreciation		(796,709	)		(767,346	)
Property and equipment, net	$	2,376,059		$	2,266,610

The Company has recorded assets held for sale within other current assets on the consolidated balance sheets for closed properties actively marketed of $12.9 million and $11.5 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Other Intangible Assets

Other identifiable intangible assets and related accumulated amortization consisted of the following (in thousands):


	Gross Carrying Amount				Accumulated Amortization
	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023		March 31, 2024			December 31, 2023
Intangible assets subject to amortization:
Non-compete agreements	$	1,131	$	1,131	$	(1,131	)	$	(1,131	)

Intangible assets not subject to amortization:
Licenses and accreditations		11,721		11,681		—			—
Trade names		42,588		42,588		—			—
Certificates of need		19,043		19,009		—			—
		73,352		73,278		—			—
Total	$	74,483	$	74,409	$	(1,131	)	$	(1,131	)

All of the Company’s definite-lived intangible assets are fully amortized. The Company’s licenses and accreditations, trade names and certificates of need have indefinite lives and are, therefore, not subject to amortization.

The CARES Act

As part of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”), the U.S. government announced it would offer $100 billion of relief to eligible healthcare providers. The Company accounts for government grants by analogizing to the grant model in accordance with International Accounting Standard 20, Accounting for Government Grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance, and as such, has recognized income from grants in line with the recognition of expenses or the loss of

revenues for which the grants are intended to compensate. The Company recognizes grants once both of the following conditions are met: (i) the Company is able to comply with the relevant terms and conditions of the grant and (ii) the grant will be received.

The Company has participated in certain relief programs offered through the CARES Act, including receipt of funds relating to the Public Health and Social Services Emergency Fund (“PHSSE Fund”), also known as the Provider Relief Fund, and the American Rescue Plan (“ARP”) Rural Payments for Hospitals. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded $6.4 million of income from provider relief fund related to ARP funds received and repaid the remaining balance of ARP funds to eliminate the liability.

Healthcare providers were required to sign an attestation confirming receipt of the PHSSE Fund amounts and agree to the terms and conditions of payment. Under the terms and conditions for receipt of the payment, the Company was allowed to use the funds to cover lost revenues and healthcare costs related to the novel coronavirus known as COVID-19 (“COVID-19”), and the Company was required to properly and fully document the use of these funds to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The reporting of these funds is subject to future audit for compliance with the terms and conditions. The Company recognized PHSSE Fund amounts to the extent it had qualifying COVID-19 expenses or lost revenues as permitted under the terms and conditions.

10.

Commitments and Contingencies

Professional and General Liability

The Company is subject to medical malpractice and other lawsuits due to the nature of the services the Company provides. A portion of the Company’s professional liability risks are insured through a wholly-owned insurance subsidiary providing coverage for up to $5.0 million per claim and $10.0 million for certain other claims through August 31, 2023 and $7.0 million and $10.0 million for certain other claims thereafter. The Company has obtained reinsurance coverage from a third-party to cover claims in excess of those limits. The reinsurance policy has a coverage limit of $75.0 million or $70.0 million in the aggregate for certain other claims through August 31, 2023 and $78.0 million or $75.0 million in the aggregate for certain other claims thereafter. The Company’s reinsurance receivables are recognized consistent with the related liabilities and include known claims and any incurred but not reported claims that are covered by current insurance policies in place.

Legal Proceedings

The Company is, from time to time, subject to various claims, lawsuits, governmental investigations and regulatory actions, including claims for damages for personal injuries, medical malpractice, overpayments, breach of contract, securities law violations, tort and employment related claims. In these actions, plaintiffs request a variety of damages, including, in some instances, punitive and other types of damages that may not be covered by insurance. In addition, healthcare companies are subject to numerous investigations by various governmental agencies. Certain of the Company’s individual facilities have received, and from time to time, other facilities may receive, subpoenas, civil investigative demands, audit requests and other inquiries from, and may be subject to investigation by, federal and state agencies. These investigations can result in repayment obligations and violations of the federal False Claims Act can result in substantial monetary penalties and fines, the imposition of a corporate integrity agreement and exclusion from participation in governmental health programs. In addition, the False Claims Act permits private parties to bring qui tam, or “whistleblower,” suits against companies that submit false claims for payments to, or improperly retain overpayments from, the government. Some states have adopted similar state whistleblower and false claims provisions.

Desert Hills

From October 2018 to August 2020, the Company, its subsidiary Youth and Family Centered Services of New Mexico (“Desert Hills”), and FamilyWorks, a not-for-profit treatment foster care program to which Desert Hills provided management services, including day-to-day administration of the program, via a management services agreement, were among a number of defendants named in five lawsuits (collectively, the “Desert Hills Litigation”) filed in New Mexico State District Court (the “District Court”). These lawsuits each related to abuse by a foster parent, Clarence Garcia, that occurred in foster homes where FamilyWorks had placed children. In 2021, the Company finalized out-of-court settlements for two of the five cases for amounts covered under the Company’s professional liability insurance: Dorsey, as Guardian ad Litem of M.R. v. Clarence Garcia, et al ., and Higgins, as Guardian ad Litem of J.H. v. Clarence Garcia, et al. While the plaintiffs in those two cases had claims pending against FamilyWorks, and FamilyWorks had raised claims or potential claims against the Company, in February 2024, the parties in each of those cases jointly notified the District Court that proposed settlements of all claims had been reached and that, pending the District Court’s approval of such proposed settlements, the proposed settlements would also resolve all claims between FamilyWorks and the Company. The Company currently reasonably expects the proposed settlements for the two cases to be approved by the District Court in the coming months.

On July 7, 2023, in connection with one of the lawsuits in the Desert Hills Litigation styled Inman v. Garcia, et al, Case No. D-117-CV-2019-00136 (the “Inman Litigation”), a jury awarded the plaintiff compensatory damages of $80.0 million and punitive damages of $405.0 million. This award far exceeded the Company’s reasonable expectation based on the previously resolved complaints and far exceeded any precedent for comparable cases.

On October 30, 2023, the Company and Desert Hills entered into settlement agreements in connection with the Inman Litigation, as well as two other related cases – Rael v. Garcia, et al, Case No. D-117-CV-2019-00135 and Endicott-Quinones v. Garcia, et al, Case No. D-117-CV-2019-00137 (together with the Inman Litigation, the “Cases”).

The settlement agreements for the Cases were approved by the District Court in December 2023 and fully resolve each of the Cases with no admission of liability or wrongdoing by either the Company or Desert Hills. On January 19, 2024, pursuant to the terms of the settlement agreements, the Company paid an aggregate amount of $400.0 million in exchange for the release and discharge of all claims arising from, relating to, concerning or with respect to all harm, injuries or damages asserted or that may be asserted in the future.

On January 30, 2024, a sixth lawsuit styled CNRAG, Inc. as Legal Guardian of A.C. v. Garcia et al., No. D-117-CV-2024-00045 was filed in the District Court alleging similar claims as the previous five lawsuits in the Desert Hills Litigation. The ward in this sixth lawsuit was referenced in prior criminal charges against Garcia five years ago; however, prior to this lawsuit, neither the ward nor guardian made contact with the Company about a possible claim. The Company determined that a lawsuit from this plaintiff was unlikely because no claims had ever been asserted and the statute of limitations had expired. Plaintiff’s allegations assert certain claims, which, if true, may toll the statute of limitations. At this time, the Company is not able to quantify the ultimate liability, if any, in connection with this sixth lawsuit. No additional victims are referenced in the prior criminal charges against Garcia.

Securities Litigation

On April 1, 2019, a consolidated complaint was filed against the Company and certain former and current officers in the lawsuit styled St. Clair County Employees’ Retirement System v. Acadia Healthcare Company, Inc., et al., Case No. 3:19-cv-00988, which is pending in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee. The complaint is brought on behalf of a class consisting of all persons (other than defendants) who purchased securities of the Company between April 30, 2014 and November 15, 2018, and alleges that defendants violated Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder. On September 30, 2022, the court entered an order certifying a class consisting of all persons who purchased or otherwise acquired the common stock of the Company between April 30, 2014 and November 15, 2018.

Derivative Actions

On February 21, 2019, a purported stockholder filed a related derivative action on behalf of the Company against certain former and current officers and directors in the lawsuit styled Davydov v. Jacobs, et al., Case No. 3:19-cv-00167, which is pending in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee. The complaint alleges claims for violations of Section 10(b) and 14(a) of the Exchange Act, breach of fiduciary duty, waste of corporate assets, and unjust enrichment. On May 23, 2019, a purported stockholder filed a second related derivative action on behalf of the Company against certain former and current officers and directors in the lawsuit styled Beard v. Jacobs, et al., Case No. 3:19-cv-0441, which is pending the United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee. The complaint alleges claims for violations of Sections 10(b), 14(a), and 21D of the Exchange Act, breach of fiduciary duty, waste of corporate assets, unjust enrichment, and insider selling. On June 11, 2019, the Davydov and Beard actions were consolidated. On February 22, 2021, the court entered an order staying the case. On October 23, 2020, a purported stockholder filed a third related derivative action on behalf of the Company against former and current officers and directors in the lawsuit styled Pfenning v. Jacobs, et al., Case No. 2020-0915-NAC, which is pending in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware. The complaint alleges claims for breach of fiduciary duty. On February 17, 2021, the court entered an order staying the case. On February 24, 2021, a purported stockholder filed a fourth derivative action on behalf of the Company against former and current officers and directors in the lawsuit styled Solak v. Jacobs, et al., Case No. 2021-0163-NAC, which is pending in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware. The complaint alleges claims for breach of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment, waste of corporate assets, and insider selling.

Government Investigation

In the fall of 2017, the Office of Inspector General (the “OIG”) issued subpoenas to three of the Company’s facilities requesting certain documents from January 2013 to the date of the subpoenas. The U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Middle District of Florida issued a civil investigative demand to one of the Company’s facilities in December 2017 requesting certain documents from November 2012 to the date of the demand. In April 2019, the OIG issued subpoenas relating to six additional facilities requesting certain documents and information from January 2013 to the date of the subpoenas. In June 2023, the State of Nevada issued a subpoena relating to one of the same facilities as part of the same investigation. The government’s investigation of each of these facilities is focused on claims not eligible for payment because of alleged violations of certain regulatory requirements relating to, among other things, medical necessity, admission eligibility, discharge decisions, length of stay and patient care issues. The Company has reached a tentative agreement to resolve the matter and the anticipated financial impact of such resolution is $19.9 million and has been recorded within other accrued liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

11.

Other Accrued Liabilities

Other accrued liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):


	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Accrued expenses	$	63,582	$	80,733
Accrued interest		18,446		18,046
Insurance liability – current portion		12,486		12,486
Accrued property taxes		6,381		7,097
Cost report payable		4,363		9,265
Contract liabilities		2,154		2,165
Finance lease liabilities		990		990
Accrued Desert Hills settlement		—		393,696
Other		11,509		7,783
Other accrued liabilities	$	119,911	$	532,261

12.

Long-Term Debt

Long-term debt consisted of the following (in thousands):


	March 31, 2024			December 31, 2023
Credit Facility:
Term Loan A	$	716,945		$	377,188
Revolving Line of Credit		225,000			80,000
5.500% Senior Notes due 2028		450,000			450,000
5.000% Senior Notes due 2029		475,000			475,000
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs, discount and premium		(11,197	)		(10,421	)
		1,855,748			1,371,767
Less: current portion		(61,452	)		(29,219	)
Long-term debt	$	1,794,296		$	1,342,548

Credit Facility

On March 17, 2021, the Company entered into a credit agreement (as amended the “Credit Facility”), which provides for a $600.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Facility”) and a senior secured term loan facility in an initial principal amount of $425.0 million (as increased by the Incremental Term Loans (as defined below), the “Term Loan Facility”), each maturing on March 17, 2026. The Revolving Facility further provides for a $20.0 million subfacility for the issuance of letters of credit.

On March 30, 2023, the Company entered into Amendment No. 1 to the Credit Facility (the “First Amendment”), which replaced the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), as the reference rate applicable to borrowings under the Credit Facility with the Secured Overnight Financing Rate as determined for a term of, at the Company’s option, one, three or six months, plus an adjustment of 0.10% (“Adjusted Term SOFR”). After giving effect to the First Amendment, borrowings under the Credit Facility bear interest at a rate equal to, at the Company’s option, either (i) Adjusted Term SOFR plus a margin ranging from 1.375% to 2.250% or (ii) a base rate plus a margin ranging from 0.375% to 1.250%, in each case, depending on the consolidated total net leverage ratio. In addition, an unused fee that varies according to the consolidated total net leverage ratio of the Company ranging from 0.200% to 0.350% is payable quarterly in arrears based on the average daily undrawn portion of the commitments in respect of the Revolving Facility.

On January 18, 2024, the Company entered into Amendment No. 2 to the Credit Facility (the “Second Amendment”), which provides for the incurrence of additional senior secured term loans in an aggregate principal amount of $350.0 million (the “Incremental Term Loans”). Such Incremental Term Loans are structured as an increase of the Term Loan Facility. The maturity date, the leverage-based pricing grid, mandatory prepayment events and other terms applicable to the Incremental Term Loans are substantially identical to those applicable to the initial $425.0 million term loans incurred under the Term Loan Facility. After giving effect to the Incremental Term Loans, the Credit Facility requires quarterly principal repayments for the Term Loan Facility of approximately $15.4 million for each quarter ending from June 30, 2024 to March 31, 2025 and $20.5 million for each quarter ending

from June 30, 2025 to December 31, 2025. The remaining outstanding principal balance of the Term Loan Facility is due on the maturity date of March 17, 2026.

The Company has the ability to increase the amount of the Credit Facility, which may take the form of increases to the Revolving Facility or the Term Loan Facility or the issuance of one or more incremental term loan facilities (collectively, the “Incremental Facilities”), upon obtaining additional commitments from new or existing lenders and the satisfaction of customary conditions precedent for such Incremental Facilities. Such Incremental Facilities may not exceed the sum of (i) the greater of $480.0 million and an amount equal to 100% of the consolidated EBITDA of the Company at the time of determination (the “Incremental Fixed Basket”) and (ii) additional amounts that would not cause the Company’s consolidated senior secured net leverage ratio to exceed 3.5 to 1.0 (the “Incremental Ratio Basket”). The Incremental Term Loans were incurred in reliance on the Incremental Ratio Basket, leaving the full amount of the Incremental Fixed Basket available for any future Incremental Facilities.

Subject to certain exceptions, substantially all of the Company’s existing and subsequently acquired or organized direct or indirect wholly-owned U.S. subsidiaries are required to guarantee the repayment of the Company’s obligations under the Credit Facility. The Company and such guarantor subsidiaries have granted a security interest in substantially all personal property assets as collateral for the obligations under the Credit Facility.

The Credit Facility contains customary representations and affirmative and negative covenants, including limitations on the Company’s and its subsidiaries’ ability to incur additional debt, grant or permit additional liens, make investments and acquisitions, merge or consolidate with others, dispose of assets, pay dividends and distributions, pay junior indebtedness and enter into affiliate transactions, in each case, subject to customary exceptions. In addition, the Credit Facility contains financial covenants requiring the Company on a consolidated basis to maintain, as of the last day of any consecutive four fiscal quarter period, a consolidated total net leverage ratio of not more than 4.5 to 1.0 (which may be increased to 5.0 to 1.0 for a period of up to four consecutive fiscal quarters following the consummation of certain material acquisitions) and an interest coverage ratio of at least 3.0 to 1.0. The Credit Facility also includes events of default customary for facilities of this type and upon the occurrence of such events of default, among other things, all outstanding loans under the Credit Facility may be accelerated, the lenders’ commitments terminated, and/or the lenders may exercise collateral remedies. At March 31, 2024, the Company was in compliance with all financial covenants.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company borrowed $160.0 million on the Revolving Facility and repaid $15.0 million of the balance outstanding. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company borrowed $40.0 million on the Revolving Facility. The Company had $371.5 million of availability under the Revolving Facility and had standby letters of credit outstanding of $3.5 million related to security for the payment of claims required by its workers’ compensation insurance program at March 31, 2024.

Senior Notes

5.500% Senior Notes due 2028

On June 24, 2020, the Company issued $450.0 million of 5.500% Senior Notes due 2028 (the “5.500% Senior Notes”). The 5.500% Senior Notes mature on July 1, 2028 and bear interest at a rate of 5.500% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on January 1 and July 1 of each year, commencing on January 1, 2021.

5.000% Senior Notes due 2029

On October 14, 2020, the Company issued $475.0 million of 5.000% Senior Notes due 2029 (the “5.000% Senior Notes”). The 5.000% Senior Notes mature on April 15, 2029 and bear interest at a rate of 5.000% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on April 15 and October 15 of each year, commencing on April 15, 2021.

The indentures governing the 5.500% Senior Notes and the 5.000% Senior Notes (together, the “Senior Notes”) contain covenants that, among other things, limit the Company’s ability and the ability of its restricted subsidiaries to: (i) pay dividends, redeem stock or make other distributions or investments; (ii) incur additional debt or issue certain preferred stock; (iii) transfer or sell assets; (iv) engage in certain transactions with affiliates; (v) create restrictions on dividends or other payments by the restricted subsidiaries; (vi) merge, consolidate or sell substantially all of the Company’s assets; and (vii) create liens on assets.

The Senior Notes issued by the Company are guaranteed by each of the Company’s subsidiaries that guarantee the Company’s obligations under the Credit Facility. The guarantees are full and unconditional and joint and several.

The Company may redeem the Senior Notes at its option, in whole or part, at the dates and amounts set forth in the indentures.

13.

Noncontrolling Interests

Noncontrolling interests in the consolidated financial statements represent the portion of equity held by noncontrolling partners in the Company’s non-wholly owned subsidiaries. At March 31, 2024, the Company operated ten facilities through non-wholly owned subsidiaries. The Company owns between approximately 65% and 87% of the equity interests of these entities, and noncontrolling

partners own the remaining equity interests. The initial value of the noncontrolling interests is based on the fair value of contributions. The Company consolidates the operations of each facility based on its status as primary beneficiary, as further discussed in Note 14 – Variable Interest Entities. The noncontrolling interests are reflected as redeemable noncontrolling interests on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets based on put rights that could require the Company to purchase the noncontrolling interests upon the occurrence of a change in control.

The components of redeemable noncontrolling interests are as follows (in thousands):


Balance at January 1, 2023	$	88,257
Contributions from noncontrolling partners in joint ventures		16,530
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests		6,006
Distributions to noncontrolling partners in joint ventures		(5,107	)
Balance at December 31, 2023		105,686
Contributions from noncontrolling partners in joint ventures		2,280
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests		2,387
Distributions to noncontrolling partners in joint ventures		(1,020	)
Balance at March 31, 2024	$	109,333

14.

Variable Interest Entities

For legal entities where the Company has a financial relationship, the Company evaluates whether it has a variable interest and determines if the entity is considered a variable interest entity (“VIE”). If the Company concludes an entity is a VIE and the Company is the primary beneficiary, the entity is consolidated. The primary beneficiary analysis is a qualitative analysis based on power and benefits. A reporting entity has a controlling financial interest in a VIE and must consolidate the VIE if it has both power and benefits. It must have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE that potentially could be significant to the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that potentially could be significant to the VIE.

At March 31, 2024, the Company operated ten facilities through non-wholly owned subsidiaries. The Company owns between approximately 65% and 87% of the equity interests of these entities, and noncontrolling partners own the remaining equity interests. The Company manages each of these facilities, is responsible for the day-to-day operations and, therefore, has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses or receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. These activities include, but are not limited to, behavioral healthcare services, human resource and employment-related decisions, marketing and finance. The terms of the agreements governing each of the Company’s VIEs prohibit the Company from using the assets of each VIE to satisfy the obligations of other entities. Consolidated assets at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 include total assets of variable interest entities of $650.1 million and $597.8 million, respectively, which cannot be used to settle the obligations of other entities. Consolidated liabilities at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 include total liabilities of variable interest entities of $29.2 million and $27.0 million, respectively.

The consolidated VIEs assets and liabilities in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets are shown below (in thousands):


	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Cash and cash equivalents	$	63,571	$	55,149
Accounts receivable, net		36,746		34,910
Other current assets		2,739		2,193
Total current assets		103,056		92,252
Property and equipment, net		476,150		438,965
Goodwill		42,384		42,384
Intangible assets, net		18,313		18,295
Operating lease right-of-use assets		10,231		5,948
Total assets	$	650,134	$	597,844

Accounts payable	$	8,611	$	8,235
Accrued salaries and benefits		6,714		9,909
Current portion of operating lease liabilities		554		273
Other accrued liabilities		3,097		2,385
Total current liabilities		18,976		20,802
Operating lease liabilities		10,208		6,160
Total liabilities	$	29,184	$	26,962

15.

Equity-Based Compensation

Equity Incentive Plans

The Company issues stock-based awards, including stock options, restricted stock units and performance stock units, to certain officers, employees and non-employee directors under the Acadia Healthcare Company, Inc. Incentive Compensation Plan (the “Equity Incentive Plan”). At March 31, 2024, a maximum of 12,700,000 shares of the Company’s common stock were authorized for issuance as stock options, restricted stock units and performance stock units or other share-based compensation under the Equity Incentive Plan, of which 2,253,481 were available for future grant. Stock options may be granted for terms of up to ten years. The Company recognizes expense on all share-based awards on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the entire award. Grants to employees generally vest in annual increments of 25% or 33% each year, commencing one year after the date of grant. The exercise prices of stock options are equal to the most recent closing price of the Company’s common stock on the most recent trading date prior to the date of grant.

The Company recognized $8.7 million and $7.6 million in equity-based compensation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Stock compensation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 is impacted by forfeiture adjustments and performance stock unit adjustments based on actual performance compared to vesting targets. At March 31, 2024, there was $87.9 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested options, restricted stock units and performance stock units, which is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted average vesting period of 1.3 years.

The Company recognized a deferred income tax benefit of $2.4 million and $2.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, related to equity-based compensation expense.

Stock Options

Stock option activity during 2023 and 2024 was as follows:


	Number of Options			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
Options outstanding at January 1, 2023		979,277		$	46.27
Options granted		296,340			78.94
Options exercised		(198,527	)		41.29
Options cancelled		(140,545	)		55.95
Options outstanding at December 31, 2023		936,545			56.21
Options granted		1,000			84.18
Options exercised		(90,178	)		45.49
Options cancelled		(22,888	)		62.76
Options outstanding at March 31, 2024		824,479		$	57.24		7.10	$	18,435
Options exercisable at March 31, 2024		448,934		$	47.76		6.02	$	14,197

Fair values are estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The following table summarizes the grant-date fair value of options and the assumptions used to develop the fair value estimates for options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and year ended December 31, 2023:


	March 31, 2024			December 31, 2023
Weighted average grant-date fair value of options	$	30.99		$	30.99
Risk-free interest rate		4.0	%		4.2	%
Expected volatility		34	%		37	%
Expected life (in years)		5.0			5.0

The Company’s estimate of expected volatility for stock options is based upon the volatility of its stock price over the expected life of the award. The risk-free interest rate is the approximate yield on U.S. Treasury Strips having a life equal to the expected option life on the date of grant. The expected life is an estimate of the number of years an option will be held before it is exercised.

Other Stock-Based Awards

Restricted stock unit activity during 2023 and 2024 was as follows:


	Number of Shares			Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Unvested at January 1, 2023		1,045,202		$	54.89
Granted		587,239			76.32
Cancelled		(198,740	)		57.21
Vested		(403,223	)		50.48
Unvested at December 31, 2023		1,030,478		$	68.38
Granted		366,652			79.36
Cancelled		(20,668	)		65.79
Vested		(192,282	)		57.59
Unvested at March 31, 2024		1,184,180		$	73.57

Performance stock unit activity during 2023 and 2024 was as follows:


	Number of Units			Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Unvested at January 1, 2023		1,273,800		$	20.69
Granted		177,509			70.98
Performance adjustment		407,825			17.69
Cancelled		(114,908	)		69.07
Vested		(1,408,195	)		10.60
Unvested at December 31, 2023		336,031		$	69.35
Granted		—			—
Performance adjustment		(9,241	)		72.99
Cancelled		(98,504	)		61.52
Vested		—			—
Unvested at March 31, 2024		228,286		$	72.58

Restricted stock unit awards are time-based vesting awards that vest over a period of three or four years and are subject to continuing service of the employee or non-employee director over the ratable vesting periods. The fair values of the restricted stock unit awards were determined based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the trading date immediately prior to the grant date.

Performance stock units are granted to employees and are subject to Company performance compared to pre-established targets. In addition to Company performance, these performance-based performance stock units are subject to the continuing service of the employee during the three-year period covered by the awards. The performance condition for the performance stock units is based on the Company’s achievement of annually established targets for diluted earnings per share. The number of shares issuable at the end of the applicable vesting period of restricted stock units ranges from 0% to 200% of the targeted units based on the Company’s actual performance compared to the targets.

The fair values of performance stock units were determined based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the trading date immediately prior to the grant date for units subject to performance conditions.

16.

Transaction, legal and other costs

Transaction, legal and other costs represent costs primarily related to legal, accounting, termination, restructuring, management transition, acquisition and other similar costs. Transaction, legal and other costs comprised the following costs for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024			2023
Legal, accounting and other acquisition-related costs	$	5,238		$	1,640
Management transition costs		1,009			4,800
Termination and restructuring		(3,400	)		31
	$	2,847		$	6,471

17.

Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 reflects effective tax rates of 20.3% and 22.3%, respectively.

As the Company continues to monitor the implications of potential tax legislation in each of its jurisdictions, the Company may adjust estimates and record additional amounts for tax assets and liabilities. Any adjustments to the Company’s tax assets and liabilities could materially impact the provision for income taxes and its effective tax rate in the periods in which they are made.

18.

Fair Value Measurements

The carrying amounts reported for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, other current assets, accounts payable and other current liabilities approximate fair value because of the short-term maturity of these instruments.

The carrying amounts and fair values of the Credit Facility, 5.500% Senior Notes and 5.000% Senior Notes at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):


	Carrying Amount				Fair Value
	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023		March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Credit Facility	$	939,450	$	455,880	$	939,450	$	455,880
5.500% Senior Notes due 2028	$	445,760	$	445,539	$	433,502	$	436,628
5.000% Senior Notes due 2029	$	470,538	$	470,348	$	444,658	$	451,534

The Credit Facility, 5.500% Senior Notes and 5.000% Senior Notes were categorized as Level 2 in the GAAP fair value hierarchy. Fair values were based on trading activity among the Company’s lenders and the average bid and ask price as determined using published rates.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements include any statements that address future results or occurrences. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “might,” “will,” “would,” “should,” “could” or the negative thereof. Generally, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “expect,” “intend,” “estimate,” “project,” “plan” and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements. In particular, statements about our expectations, beliefs, plans, objectives, assumptions or future events or performance are forward-looking statements.

We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations, assumptions, estimates and projections. While we believe these expectations, assumptions, estimates and projections are reasonable, such forward-looking statements are only predictions and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, many of which are outside of our control, which could cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from any results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. These risks, uncertainties and other factors include, but are not limited to:

•

the impact of competition for staffing, labor shortages and higher turnover rates on our labor costs and profitability;

•

the impact of inflation and interest rate volatility;

•

compliance with laws and government regulations;

•

our indebtedness, our ability to meet our debt obligations, and our ability to incur substantially more debt;

•

the impact of payments received from the government and third-party payors on our revenue and results of operations;

•

the impact of volatility in the global capital and credit markets, as well as significant developments in macroeconomic and
political conditions that are out of our control;

•

the impact of general economic and employment conditions, including increased construction and other costs due to inflation, on our business and future results of operations;

•

difficulties in successfully integrating the operations of acquired facilities or realizing the potential benefits and synergies of our acquisitions and joint ventures;

•

our ability to recruit and retain quality psychiatrists and other physicians, nurses, counselors and other medical support personnel;

•

the occurrence of patient incidents, which could result in negative media coverage, adversely affect the price of our
securities and result in incremental regulatory burdens and governmental investigations;

•

the impact of claims brought against us or our facilities including claims for damages for personal injuries, medical malpractice, overpayments, breach of contract, securities law violations, tort and employee related claims;

•

the outcome of pending litigation;

•

the impact of carrying a large self-insured retention, the possibilities of being responsible for significant amounts not covered by insurance, premium increases and insurance not being available on acceptable terms because of our claims experience;

•

the impact of governmental investigations, regulatory actions and whistleblower lawsuits;

•

any failure to comply with the terms of our corporate integrity agreement with the OIG;

•

the impact of healthcare reform in the U.S.;

•

our acquisition, joint venture and wholly-owned de novo strategies, which expose us to a variety of operational and financial risks, as well as legal and regulatory risks;

•

the impact of state efforts to regulate the construction or expansion of healthcare facilities on our ability to operate and expand our operations;

•

our ability to implement our business strategies;

•

the impact of Medicaid eligibility determinations associated with the end of COVID-19 related Medicaid continuing coverage requirements;

•

the impact of disruptions on our inpatient and outpatient volumes caused by pandemics, epidemics or outbreaks of
infectious diseases, such as the COVID-19 pandemic;

•

our dependence on key management personnel, key executives and local facility management personnel, and the impact of any disruptions from the recent transition of various executives;

•

our restrictive covenants, which may restrict our business and financing activities;

•

the impact of adverse weather conditions and climate change, including the effects of hurricanes, wildfires and other natural
disasters, and any resulting outmigration;

•

the risk of a cyber-security incident and any resulting adverse impact on our operations or violation of laws and regulations regarding information privacy;

•

the impact on our business if our information systems fail or our databases are destroyed or damaged;

•

our future cash flow and earnings;

•

the impact of our highly competitive industry on patient volumes;

•

our ability to cultivate and maintain relationships with referral sources;

•

the impact of the trend for insurance companies and managed care organizations to enter into sole source contracts on our
ability to obtain patients;

•

the impact of value-based purchasing programs on our revenue;

•

our potential inability to extend leases at expiration;

•

the impact of controls designed to reduce inpatient services on our revenue;

•

the impact of different interpretations of accounting principles on our results of operations or financial condition;

•

the impact of environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, especially in locations where we have concentrated operations;

•

the impact of laws and regulations relating to privacy and security of patient health information and standards for electronic transactions;

•

the impact of a change in the mix of our earnings, adverse changes in our effective tax rate and adverse developments in tax laws generally;

•

changes in interpretations, assumptions and expectations regarding recent tax legislation, including provisions of the CARES Act and additional guidance that may be issued by federal and state taxing authorities;

•

failure to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting;

•

the impact of fluctuations in our operating results, quarter to quarter earnings and other factors on the price of our securities; and

•

those risks and uncertainties described from time to time in our filings with the SEC.

Given these risks and uncertainties, you are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties may cause our actual future results to be materially different than those expressed in our forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are made only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We do not undertake and specifically decline any obligation to update any such statements or to publicly announce the results of any revisions to any such statements to reflect future events or developments.

Overview

Our business strategy is to become the indispensable behavioral healthcare provider for the high-acuity and complex needs patient population. We are committed to providing the communities we serve with high-quality, cost-effective behavioral healthcare services, while growing our business, increasing profitability and creating long-term value for our stockholders. This strategy includes five growth pathways: expansions of existing facilities, joint venture partnerships, de novo facilities, acquisitions and expansion across our continuum of care. At March 31, 2024, we operated 258 behavioral healthcare facilities with approximately 11,300 beds in 38 states and Puerto Rico. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we added 47 beds, consisting of 27 beds to existing facilities and 20 beds added through the opening of a wholly-owned facility. For the year ending December 31, 2024, we expect to add approximately 1,200 total beds and open up to 14 CTCs, excluding acquisitions.

We are the leading publicly traded pure-play provider of behavioral healthcare services in the U.S. Management believes that we are positioned as a leading platform in a highly fragmented industry under the direction of an experienced management team that has significant industry expertise. Management expects to take advantage of several strategies that are more accessible as a result of our increased size and geographic scale, including continuing a national marketing strategy to attract new patients and referral sources, increasing our volume of out-of-state referrals, providing a broader range of services to new and existing patients and clients and selectively pursuing opportunities to expand our facility and bed count in the U.S. through acquisitions, wholly-owned de novo facilities, joint ventures and bed additions in existing facilities.

Results of Operations

The following table illustrates our consolidated results of operations for the respective periods shown (dollars in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024						2023
	Amount			%			Amount			%
Revenue	$	768,051			100.0	%	$	704,267			100.0	%
Salaries, wages and benefits		417,523			54.4	%		391,177			55.6	%
Professional fees		45,688			5.9	%		41,125			5.8	%
Supplies		26,652			3.5	%		26,021			3.7	%
Rents and leases		11,863			1.5	%		11,424			1.6	%
Other operating expenses		101,073			13.2	%		90,838			12.9	%
Depreciation and amortization		36,347			4.7	%		31,569			4.5	%
Interest expense, net		27,214			3.5	%		19,999			2.8	%
Transaction, legal and other costs		2,847			0.4	%		6,471			0.9	%
Total expenses		669,207			87.1	%		618,624			87.8	%
Income before income taxes		98,844			12.9	%		85,643			12.2	%
Provision for income taxes		20,074			2.6	%		19,085			2.7	%
Net income		78,770			10.3	%		66,558			9.5	%
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests		(2,387	)		-0.4	%		(543	)		-0.1	%
Net income attributable to Acadia Healthcare Company, Inc.	$	76,383			9.9	%	$	66,015			9.4	%

We believe that we are well positioned to help meet the growing demand for behavioral healthcare services and recorded revenue growth of 9.1% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023. Similar with many other healthcare providers and other industries across the country, we continue to navigate a tight labor market. While we experienced higher wage inflation recently compared to long-term historical averages, we have seen stability in our labor costs and our proactive focus helps us manage through this environment. We remain focused on ensuring that we have the level of staff to meet the demand in our markets across 38 states and Puerto Rico.

The following table sets forth percent changes in same facility operating data for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023:


Same Facility Results (a)
Revenue growth		9.2%
Patient days growth		2.2%
Admissions growth		-1.7%
Average length of stay change (b)		4.0%
Revenue per patient day growth		6.9%
Adjusted EBITDA margin change (c)		120 bps

(a)

Results for the periods presented include facilities we have operated more than one year and exclude certain closed services.

(b)

Average length of stay is defined as patient days divided by admissions.

(c)

Adjusted EBITDA is defined as income before provision for income taxes, equity-based compensation expense, transaction, legal and other costs, interest expense and depreciation and amortization. Management uses Adjusted EBITDA as an analytical indicator to measure performance and to develop strategic objectives and operating plans. Adjusted EBITDA is commonly used as an analytical indicator within the health care industry, and also serves as a measure of leverage capacity and debt service ability. Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as a measure of financial performance under GAAP, and the items excluded from Adjusted EBITDA are significant components in understanding and assessing financial performance. Because Adjusted EBITDA is not a measurement determined in accordance with GAAP and is thus susceptible to varying calculations, Adjusted EBITDA, as presented, may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies. Adjusted EBITDA margin is defined as Adjusted EBITDA divided by revenue.

Three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023

Revenue. Revenue increased $63.8 million, or 9.1%, to $768.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 from $704.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Same facility revenue increased $63.8 million, or 9.2%, for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023, resulting from an increase in same facility revenue per day of 6.9% and same facility growth in patient days of 2.2%. Consistent with same facility revenue growth in 2023, the growth in same facility patient days for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023 resulted from the addition of beds to our existing facilities and ongoing demand for our services.

Salaries, wages and benefits. Salaries, wages and benefits (“SWB”) expense was $417.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to $391.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, an increase of $26.3 million. SWB expense included $8.7 million and $7.6 million of equity-based compensation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Excluding equity-based compensation expense, SWB expense was $408.8 million, or 53.2% of revenue, for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to $383.6 million, or 54.5% of revenue, for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Same facility SWB expense was $368.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, or 48.7% of revenue, compared to $344.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, or 49.7% of revenue.

Professional fees. Professional fees were $45.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, or 5.9% of revenue, compared to $41.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, or 5.8% of revenue. Same facility professional fees were $39.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, or 5.3% of revenue, compared to $37.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, or 5.4% of revenue.

Supplies. Supplies expense was $26.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, or 3.5% of revenue, compared to $26.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, or 3.7% of revenue. Same facility supplies expense was $26.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, or 3.4% of revenue, compared to $25.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, or 3.7% of revenue.

Rents and leases. Rents and leases were $11.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, or 1.5% of revenue, compared to $11.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, or 1.6% of revenue. Same facility rents and leases were $10.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, or 1.4% of revenue, compared to $10.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, or 1.5% of revenue.

Other operating expenses. Other operating expenses consisted primarily of purchased services, utilities, insurance, travel and repairs and maintenance expenses. Other operating expenses were $101.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, or

13.2% of revenue, compared to $90.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, or 12.9% of revenue. Same facility other operating expenses were $93.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, or 12.4% of revenue, compared to $84.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, or 12.3% of revenue.

Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization expense was $36.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, or 4.7% of revenue, compared to $31.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, or 4.5% of revenue.

Interest expense. Interest expense was $27.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to $20.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The increase in interest expense was primarily the result of borrowings under the Credit Facility during the first quarter of 2024.

Transaction, legal and other costs. Transaction, legal and other costs were $2.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to $6.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Transaction, legal and other costs represent legal, accounting, termination, restructuring, management transition, acquisition and other similar costs incurred in the respective period, as summarized below (in thousands).


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024			2023
Legal, accounting and other acquisition-related costs	$	5,238		$	1,640
Management transition costs		1,009			4,800
Termination and restructuring		(3,400	)		31
	$	2,847		$	6,471

Provision for income taxes. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the provision for income taxes was $20.1 million, reflecting an effective tax rate of 20.3%, compared to $19.1 million, reflecting an effective tax rate of 22.3%, for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

As we continue to monitor the implications of potential tax legislation in each of our jurisdictions, we may adjust our estimates and record additional amounts for tax assets and liabilities. Any adjustments to our tax assets and liabilities could materially impact our provision for income taxes and our effective tax rate in the periods in which they are made.

Revenue

Our revenue is primarily derived from services rendered to patients for inpatient psychiatric and substance abuse care, outpatient psychiatric care and adolescent residential treatment. We receive payments from the following sources for services rendered in our facilities: (i) state governments under their respective Medicaid and other programs; (ii) commercial insurers; (iii) the federal government under the Medicare program administered by CMS and other programs; and (iv) individual patients and clients. We determine the transaction price based on established billing rates reduced by contractual adjustments provided to third-party payors, discounts provided to uninsured patients and implicit price concessions. Contractual adjustments and discounts are based on contractual agreements, discount policies and historical experience. Implicit price concessions are based on historical collection experience.

The following table presents revenue by payor type and as a percentage of revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (dollars in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024					2023
	Amount		%			Amount		%
Commercial	$	196,017		25.5	%	$	203,619		28.9	%
Medicare		109,388		14.2	%		108,640		15.4	%
Medicaid		436,422		56.9	%		364,306		51.8	%
Self-Pay		16,427		2.1	%		20,698		2.9	%
Other		9,797		1.3	%		7,004		1.0	%
Revenue	$	768,051		100.0	%	$	704,267		100.0	%

The following tables present a summary of our aging of accounts receivable at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

March 31, 2024


	Current			30-90			90-150			>150			Total
Commercial		19.1	%		4.7	%		2.8	%		9.1	%		35.7	%
Medicare		8.8	%		1.8	%		0.5	%		0.8	%		11.9	%
Medicaid		34.3	%		5.2	%		2.1	%		4.3	%		45.9	%
Self-Pay		1.3	%		1.6	%		1.1	%		2.3	%		6.3	%
Other		0.0	%		0.1	%		0.0	%		0.1	%		0.2	%
Total		63.5	%		13.4	%		6.5	%		16.6	%		100.0	%

December 31, 2023


	Current			30-90			90-150			>150			Total
Commercial		17.3	%		5.4	%		3.1	%		9.5	%		35.3	%
Medicare		9.3	%		1.4	%		0.5	%		1.1	%		12.3	%
Medicaid		33.4	%		5.4	%		2.5	%		4.7	%		46.0	%
Self-Pay		1.4	%		1.3	%		1.2	%		2.5	%		6.4	%
Other		0.0	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		0.0	%
Total		61.4	%		13.5	%		7.3	%		17.8	%		100.0	%

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash used in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $321.3 million compared to cash provided by operating activities of $44.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Days sales outstanding at March 31, 2024 was 46 days compared to 45 days at December 31, 2023.

Cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $184.6 million compared to $66.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 primarily consisted of $142.4 million of cash paid for capital expenditures, $50.4 million of cash paid for acquisitions and $0.9 million of other, offset by $9.1 million of proceeds from sales of property and equipment. Cash paid for capital expenditures for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $142.4 million, consisting of routine or maintenance capital expenditures of $22.3 million and expansion capital expenditures of $120.1 million. We define expansion capital expenditures as those that increase the capacity of our facilities or otherwise enhance revenue. Routine or maintenance capital expenditures, including information technology capital expenditures, were approximately 3% of revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2024. Cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 primarily consisted of $66.5 million of cash paid for capital expenditures and $0.8 million of other, offset by $0.4 million of proceeds from sales of property and equipment. Cash paid for capital expenditures for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $66.5 million, consisting of routine or maintenance capital expenditures of $18.0 million and expansion capital expenditures of $48.5 million.

Cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $483.1 million compared to cash used in financing activities of $11.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 consisted of borrowings on long-term debt of $350.0 million, borrowings on revolving credit facility of $160.0 million and contributions from noncontrolling partners in joint ventures of $2.3 million, offset by principal payments on revolving credit facility of $15.0 million, principal payments on long-term debt of $10.2 million, payment of debt issuance costs of $1.5 million, distributions to noncontrolling partners in joint ventures of $1.0 million, repurchase of shares for payroll tax withholding, net of proceeds from stock option exercises of $1.0 million and $0.4 million of other. Cash used in financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 consisted of repurchase of shares for payroll tax withholding, net of proceeds from stock option exercises of $47.7 million and principal payments on long-term debt of $5.3 million, offset by borrowings on revolving credit facility of $40.0 million and contributions from noncontrolling partners in joint ventures of $1.7 million.

We had total available cash and cash equivalents of $77.3 million and $100.1 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, of which approximately $13.5 million and $11.3 million was held by our foreign subsidiaries, respectively. Our strategic plan does not require the repatriation of foreign cash in order to fund our operations in the U.S.

Desert Hills Litigation

As described in more detail in Note 10 – Commitments and Contingencies in the accompanying notes to our consolidated financial statements, on October 30, 2023, we entered into settlement agreements in connection with the Cases. The settlement agreements were approved by the District Court in December 2023 and fully resolve each of the Cases with no admission of liability or wrongdoing by us. On January 19, 2024, pursuant to the terms of the settlement agreements, we paid an aggregate amount of

$400.0 million in exchange for the release and discharge of all claims arising from, relating to, concerning or with respect to all harm, injuries or damages asserted or that may be asserted in the future.

Credit Facility

On March 17, 2021, we entered into the Credit Facility, which provides for a $600.0 million Revolving Facility and a Term Loan Facility in an initial principal amount of $425.0 million, each maturing on March 17, 2026. The Revolving Facility further provides for a $20.0 million subfacility for the issuance of letters of credit.

As a part of the closing of the Credit Facility on March 17, 2021, we (i) refinanced and terminated our prior credit facilities under an amended and restated credit agreement, dated as of December 31, 2012 and (ii) financed the redemption of all of our outstanding 5.625% Senior Notes due 2023.

On March 30, 2023, we entered into the First Amendment, which replaced LIBOR as the reference rate applicable to borrowings under the Credit Facility with Adjusted Term SOFR. After giving effect to the First Amendment, borrowings under the Credit Facility bear interest at a rate equal to, at our option, either (i) Adjusted Term SOFR plus a margin ranging from 1.375% to 2.250% or (ii) a base rate plus a margin ranging from 0.375% to 1.250%, in each case, depending on our consolidated total net leverage ratio. In addition, an unused fee that varies according to our consolidated total net leverage ratio ranging from 0.200% to 0.350% is payable quarterly in arrears based on the average daily undrawn portion of the commitments in respect of the Revolving Facility.

The interest rates and the unused line fee on unused commitments related to the Credit Facility are based upon the following pricing tiers:


Pricing Tier	Consolidated Total Net Leverage Ratio	SOFR Loans			Base Rate Loans			Commitment Fee
1	≥ 4.50:1.0		2.250	%		1.250	%		0.350	%
2	<4.50:1.0 but ≥ 3.75:1.0		2.000	%		1.000	%		0.300	%
3	<3.75:1.0 but ≥ 3.00:1.0		1.750	%		0.750	%		0.250	%
4	<3.00:1.0 but ≥ 2.25:1.0		1.500	%		0.500	%		0.200	%
5	<2.25:1.0		1.375	%		0.375	%		0.200	%

On January 18, 2024, we entered into the Second Amendment, which provides for the incurrence of $350.0 million of Incremental Term Loans. Such Incremental Term Loans are structured as an increase of the Term Loan Facility. The maturity date, the leverage-based pricing grid, mandatory prepayment events and other terms applicable to the Incremental Term Loans are substantially identical to those applicable to the initial $425.0 million term loans incurred under the Term Loan Facility. After giving effect to the Incremental Term Loans, the Credit Facility requires quarterly principal repayments for the Term Loan Facility of approximately $15.4 million for each quarter ending from June 30, 2024 to March 31, 2025 and $20.5 million for each quarter ending from June 30, 2025 to December 31, 2025. The remaining outstanding principal balance of the Term Loan Facility is due on the maturity date of March 17, 2026.

We have the ability to increase the amount of the Credit Facility, which may take the form of increases to the Revolving Facility or the Term Loan Facility or the issuance of one or more Incremental Facilities, upon obtaining additional commitments from new or existing lenders and the satisfaction of customary conditions precedent for such Incremental Facilities. Such Incremental Facilities may not exceed the sum of (i) the Incremental Fixed Basket, and (ii) the Incremental Ratio Basket. The Incremental Term Loans were incurred in reliance on the Incremental Ratio Basket, leaving the full amount of the Incremental Fixed Basket available for any future Incremental Facilities.

Subject to certain exceptions, substantially all of our existing and subsequently acquired or organized direct or indirect wholly-owned U.S. subsidiaries are required to guarantee the repayment of our obligations under the Credit Facility. We and such guarantor subsidiaries have granted a security interest in substantially all personal property assets as collateral for the obligations under the Credit Facility.

The Credit Facility contains customary representations and affirmative and negative covenants, including limitations on our ability and our subsidiaries’ ability to incur additional debt, grant or permit additional liens, make investments and acquisitions, merge or consolidate with others, dispose of assets, pay dividends and distributions, pay junior indebtedness and enter into affiliate transactions, in each case, subject to customary exceptions. In addition, the Credit Facility contains financial covenants requiring us on a consolidated basis to maintain, as of the last day of any consecutive four fiscal quarter period, a consolidated total net leverage ratio of not more than 4.5 to 1.0 (which may be increased to 5.0 to 1.0 for a period of up to four consecutive fiscal quarters following the consummation of certain material acquisitions) and an interest coverage ratio of at least 3.0 to 1.0. The Credit Facility also includes events of default customary for facilities of this type and upon the occurrence of such events of default, among other things, all

outstanding loans under the Credit Facility may be accelerated, the lenders’ commitments terminated, and/or the lenders may exercise collateral remedies. At March 31, 2024, we were in compliance with all financial covenants.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we borrowed $160.0 million on the Revolving Facility and repaid $15.0 million of the balance outstanding. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we borrowed $40.0 million on the Revolving Facility. We had $371.5 million of availability under the Revolving Facility and had standby letters of credit outstanding of $3.5 million related to security for the payment of claims required by our workers’ compensation insurance program at March 31, 2024.

Senior Notes

5.500% Senior Notes due 2028

On June 24, 2020, we issued $450.0 million of 5.500% Senior Notes. The 5.500% Senior Notes mature on July 1, 2028 and bear interest at a rate of 5.500% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on January 1 and July 1 of each year, commencing on January 1, 2021.

5.000% Senior Notes due 2029

On October 14, 2020, we issued $475.0 million of 5.000% Senior Notes. The 5.000% Senior Notes mature on April 15, 2029 and bear interest at a rate of 5.000% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on April 15 and October 15 of each year, commencing on April 15, 2021.

The indentures governing the Senior Notes contain covenants that, among other things, limit our ability and the ability of our restricted subsidiaries to: (i) pay dividends, redeem stock or make other distributions or investments; (ii) incur additional debt or issue certain preferred stock; (iii) transfer or sell assets; (iv) engage in certain transactions with affiliates; (v) create restrictions on dividends or other payments by the restricted subsidiaries; (vi) merge, consolidate or sell substantially all of our assets; and (vii) create liens on assets.

The Senior Notes issued by us are guaranteed by each of our subsidiaries that guaranteed our obligations under the Credit Facility. The guarantees are full and unconditional and joint and several.

We may redeem the Senior Notes at our option, in whole or part, at the dates and amounts set forth in the indentures.

Supplemental Guarantor Financial Information

We conduct substantially all of our business through our subsidiaries. The Senior Notes are jointly and severally guaranteed on an unsecured senior basis by all of our subsidiaries that guarantee our obligations under the Credit Facility. The summarized financial information presented below is consistent with our condensed consolidated financial statements, except transactions between combining entities have been eliminated. Financial information for our combined non-guarantor entities has been excluded pursuant to SEC Regulation S-X Rule 13-01. Presented below is condensed financial information for our combined wholly-owned subsidiary guarantors at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, and for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Summarized balance sheet information (in thousands):


	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Current assets	$	484,365	$	442,813
Property and equipment, net		1,681,224		1,656,941
Goodwill		2,140,627		2,105,563
Total noncurrent assets		4,097,017		4,043,891

Current liabilities		461,731		827,648
Long-term debt		1,794,296		1,342,548
Total noncurrent liabilities		1,978,103		1,503,345
Redeemable noncontrolling interests		—		—
Total equity		2,141,548		2,155,711

Summarized operating results information (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
Revenue	$	652,725
Income before income taxes		79,905
Net income		64,400
Net income attributable to Acadia Healthcare Company, Inc.		64,400

Contractual Obligations

The following table presents a summary of contractual obligations at March 31, 2024 (in thousands):


	Payments Due by Period
	Less Than 1 Year		1-3 Years		3-5 Years		More Than 5 Years		Total
Long-term debt (a)	$	173,317	$	1,025,775	$	528,438	$	504,688	$	2,232,218
Operating lease liabilities (b)		33,644		49,235		27,314		72,074		182,267
Finance lease liabilities		1,031		2,178		2,178		20,460		25,847
Total obligations and commitments	$	207,992	$	1,077,188	$	557,930	$	597,222	$	2,440,332

(a)

Amounts include required principal and interest payments. The projected interest payments reflect the interest rates in place on our variable-rate debt at March 31, 2024.

(b)

Amounts exclude variable components of lease payments.

Critical Accounting Policies

There have been no material changes in our critical accounting policies at March 31, 2024 from those described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Interest Rate Risk

Our interest expense is sensitive to changes in market interest rates. Our long-term debt outstanding at March 31, 2024 was composed of $916.3 million of fixed-rate debt and $939.5 million of variable-rate debt with interest based on Adjusted Term SOFR plus an applicable margin. Based on our borrowing level at March 31, 2024, a hypothetical 1% increase in interest rates would decrease our pretax income on an annual basis by approximately $9.4 million.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of the end of the period covered by this report, our management conducted an evaluation, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Based on this evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended March 31, 2024 that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Information with respect to this item may be found in Note 10 – Commitments and Contingencies in the accompanying notes to our consolidated financial statements of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which information is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

In addition to the other information set forth in this report, an investor should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. The risks described in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, are not the only risks facing the Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to management or that management currently deems immaterial also may materially, adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition, operating results or cash flows.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company withheld shares of Company common stock to satisfy employee minimum statutory tax withholding obligations payable upon the vesting of restricted stock, as follows:


Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased		Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs		Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
January 1 - January 31		—	$	—		—		—
February 1 - February 29		53,344		84.00		—		—
March 1 - March 31		16,967		79.88		—		—
Total		70,311

Item 5. Other Information

From time to time, certain of our executive officers and directors may enter into, amend or terminate written trading arrangements pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or otherwise. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, none of the Company’s directors or officers adopted or terminated any Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or non- Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as such terms are defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K).

Item 6. Exhibits


Exhibit No.		Exhibit Description

3.1		Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended. (1)

3.2		Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company, as amended. (1)

10.1		Amendment No. 2, dated as of January 18, 2024, to the Company’s Credit Agreement, dated as of March 17, 2021. (2)

22		List of Subsidiary Guarantors and Issuers of Guaranteed Securities. (3)

31.1*		Certification of the Chief Executive Officer of the Company pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2*		Certification of the Chief Financial Officer of the Company pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32*		Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the Company pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101.INS**		Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

101.SCH**		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema with embedded Linkbase Documents.

104		The cover page from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, has been formatted in Inline XBRL.

(1)

Incorporated by reference to exhibits filed with the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 25, 2017 (File No. 001-35331).

(2)

Incorporated by reference to exhibits filed with the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 19, 2024 (File No. 001-35331).

(3)

Incorporated by reference to exhibits filed with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for year ended December 31, 2023 (File No. 001-35331).

* Filed herewith.

** The XBRL related information in Exhibit 101 to this quarterly report on Form 10-Q shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise subject to liability of that section and shall not be incorporated by reference into any filing or other document pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing or document.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


	Acadia Healthcare Company, Inc.

	By:		/s/ Heather Dixon
			Heather Dixon
			Chief Financial Officer

Dated: May 2, 2024